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Prefer multiple static creation methods to optional parameters

CLASS-METHODS describe_by_data IMPORTING data TYPE any [...]
CLASS-METHODS describe_by_name IMPORTING name TYPE any [...]
CLASS-METHODS describe_by_object_ref IMPORTING object_ref TYPE REF TO object [...]
CLASS-METHODS describe_by_data_ref IMPORTING data_ref TYPE REF TO data [...]

ABAP does not support overloading. Use name variations and not optional parameters to achieve the desired semantics.

" anti-pattern
METHODS constructor
  IMPORTING
    data       TYPE any OPTIONAL
    name       TYPE any OPTIONAL
    object_ref TYPE REF TO object OPTIONAL
    data_ref   TYPE REF TO data OPTIONAL
  [...]

The general guideline Split methods instead of adding OPTIONAL parameters explains the reasoning behind this.

Consider resolving complex constructions to a multi-step construction with the Builder design pattern.

From SAP/styleguides under CC BY 3.0 — more details
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Keep public on CREATE PRIVATEUse descriptive names